Trends of Internet Health Care

Trends of Internet Health Care What is Internet Health Care? Technology has changed forever the way consumers perceive healthcare. the internet is utilized by millions of user to perform daily life activities such as shopping, bills paying, communication with colleagues or family members, dating, and now health care (Bau, 2001). In the past, only physicians were the source and provider of health care information and services to their patients (Hesse all, 2005). Also most information pertaining to health was only accessible in libraries, through medical books. In this new age of advanced technology, the internet has become the go to tool for patients seeking health information as mild as flu symptoms to more serious and life threatening disease as cancer. As much as 72% of world-wide-web users seek health information though the internet (Pew 2012). â€Å"Health seekers† utilize this tool to learn more about their condition, seek new treatments, interact with others in the same situation, and get answers to questions at any given moment day or night. The internet is allowing its users access to a wealth of information, all that in the privacy of their homes and at less cost. The â€Å"informed consumers† are getting more and more involved in every aspect of their care and they want to participate in â€Å"shared decision-making† (Sunday, 2000). Internet health information seeking can help patients be better informed, which can lead to better health outcomes, a better utilization of health service resources, and a strong er physician-patient relationship (Kassier 2000; Murray et al 2003). But, health information on the Internet may be misleading or misinterpreted, compromising health behaviors and health outcomes, or resulting in inappropriate requests for clinical interventions (Eysenbach, Kohler, 2002; Murray et al 2003). To access the full potential of internet as a source of health information, physicians need to recognize the potentials of this technology, while being mindful of possible dangers to patients’ health (Powell all, 2003). What is the trend? Worldwide about 4.5% of all internet are health related (Morahan-Martin, 2004). In less than a quarter of century, the internet users grew from 42% to 81% (Fox Rainie 2014). Seventy two percent of U.S. adult reported looking for health or medical information online for themselves or for others at least once in the previous 12 months (Fox Duggan 2013). The internet not only is a research tool for those seeking information regarding their condition, bit is also a tool diagnosis tool for those searching for answers online. Indeed the 2012 Pew Research Center’s Internet American Life Project health survey revealed that among the health seekers, 35% were â€Å"health diagnosers† meaning people looking to find answers for specific medical conditions online themselves or relatives might have (Fox Duggan, 2013). Across studies, the general observation was that higher education levels was strongly correlated to higher rates of Internet use for health but internet use was not a function of household income (Jansen Spink 2006). Most of the online health seekers (77%) start their search from general search engine like Google or through medical web sites (13%) proving some specific health information (Fox Duggan 2013). These results are somewhat inconsistent with a more targeted study by Dickerson, Reinhart, Feeley, Bidani, Rich, Garg Hershey (2004) accessing patients internet behavior in three urban primary care clinics were the majority of the patient (73%) reported starting their search on a medical website. Half of the inquiries are on behalf of a loved one which translates to 39% of the online health seekers population (Fox Duggan, 2013). Often women (64%) would report searching the net for health information than male (53%) even though they equally access the internet (Fox Duggan, 2013). Why health seekers like the Internet? Seekers of online information always cite tree main reasons for going online. First, the Internet allows them to seek information at any hour; second, they can get a wealth of information and; finally, they can access the information anonymously (Fox Rainie, 2000). Seekers of online health information are of two kinds: those with a diagnosed chronic condition and those without (Dickerson et al., 2004). According to studies, they tend to have a different approach toward online information seeking. Indeed, multiple studies revealed that people that perceive themselves as being unhealthy tend to be more proactive at seeking online information that will help them get a better understanding of their condition, or to seek for second opinion, or seek advance treatment of their ailment (Fox Rainie,2000; Dickerson et al., 2004) . Most users actually attributed their improve understanding of health issues to the use of internet and some even went further admitting internet has impacted how they manage their health care needs and their choice of a health care professional (Jansen Spink, 2006). The internet is a powerful education tool and a great support to consumer looking to get more involved in their health care and participate in share decision making. Internet improves users understanding of their chronic condition, treatments for their chronic condition, or other symptoms, conditions, or treatments, effects decisions about health or health care or on use of the health care system. Potential benefits of online health information Online health information has the potential of improving patients’ participation in some aspects of their care and their interaction with the care giver (Baker, Wagner, Singer, Bundorf, 2003). Most users go to health sites for research and reference purposes. Physicians and patient alike use the internet for health information-seeking and communication purposes. Physicians glean the internet to keep up with the latest innovation in their field. It is also a way to connect with colleagues from all other the world as there are no borders restrictions on the World Wide Web. Few use it to communicate with their caregivers or to buy medicine. Most health seekers have been able to get the information they need without revealing personal information. Anonymity is another great benefit offered by the internet. Anyone can go online and look for any symptom or condition without revealing it identity. For extremely shy people or for embarrassing health conditions, the internet is a good alternative to understanding or treating the condition without getting exposed. According to studies Many are using the Web to gather information on behalf of family and friends. Those who are in excellent health often seek online materials to help someone else; those who are in less-than-excellent health are more likely to be hunting for information for themselves (Fox Rainie, 2000). The 2012 Pew health survey reported that about half of the internet health quests are on behalf of a loved one (Fox Duggan, 2012). In addition, Internet has been proven helpful in assisting caregivers in their ability to provide care to cope and support for the person in their care (Fox, Duggan, Purcell 2013). A Pew internet health tracking survey from August to September 2012 revealed that 24% of caregivers (adults ages 18+) surf the net for reviews on prescription drugs, 30% got information , care, and support from people with the same condition, as much as 46% went online for diagnosis, and 72% gathered health information online (Fox, Duggan, Purcell 2013) In general, health seekers use the internet to seek information on present or immediate medical condition. It is important to note that in most cases, in person visit with a physician precedes the seeking of online health information. Often, a diagnosis following a doctor visit always urges patients to seek online information in order to better understand their condition. But then again, the decision on when to meet with the physician depends on who the patient is. In general, health seekers looking for information on behalf of a loved one will go online after a doctor’s visit, while health seekers looking for self will go online before the doctor’s visit, so that they can actively participate. The Pew health survey reports that 53% of â€Å"online diagnoses† reported their online findings to their physician and 41% had their diagnosis confirmed (Pew, 2012). Those results contradict a study by Diaz et al (2002) conducted on primary internal medical private practi ce patients who reported that nearly 60% of the patient did not discuss their findings with their physicians. Second opinion seeking health seekers use the internet to get a second opinion.(develop on this) Interactive and E-connecting- (use the article on cancer) there are countless number of online support groups for nearly every disease and condition, with infinite discussion topics (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). But just as important as the information exchanged in these e-discussions is the emotional support they provide. Being able to interact with others that can relate to the seeker situation is a coping mechanism. â€Å"My coping mechanism was to learn as much as I could about my cancer and my treatment, and the most convenient avenue for this was the Internet† said Karen Parles a cancer patient. Indeed, patients reported being less stressed about their disease once they are able to communicate with others in similar condition. Karen Parles a lung cancer patient sated â€Å"because of the sheer numbers of patients online, I was able to find others just like myself, and I no longer felt like the only 38- year-old nonsmoker on the planet with lung cancer.† This wealth of per sonal experience and support can be recorded for future reference of patients, clinicians, or health care planners (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). E-monitoring –mentioned the internet is a tool that can be utilized to monitor patients conditions (Forkner-Dunn 2003). Chronic conditions like diabetes, heart diseases, and obesity can specially benefit from e-monitoring. Internet can facilitate home management of medical condition via monitoring devices. For instance, monitoring device testing blood glucose level are widely popular among diabetic patients and these devices connected to the internet can transmit real time results to patients care giver. Patients can also monitor and transmit their weight via e-scale or access their heart or respiratory rate using e-shirt (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). Internet and physician-patient relationship A study accessing the impact of the internet on physician- patient relationship by Murray et al (2003) found that most physicians agree that patient bringing information to the visit was beneficial to the physician-patient relationship, but negatively affected time efficiency. Moreover it had no effect on health the quality of care or the health outcome. Health information on the Internet may make patients better informed, leading to better health outcomes, more appropriate use of health service resources, and a stronger physician-patient relationship (Murray et al. 2003). The internet can have a positive outcome on patients and be the best support they can expect when facing life threatening condition. According to a cancer patient in one study â€Å"The Internet has impacted my relationship with my oncologists and my surgeon in a very positive way. I would say that the information I learn on the Internet enables me to ask different questions, to affect the agenda, and to feel involved in my care. Online support that I receive from other patients often relieves anxiety and resolves minor issues that I would otherwise raise with my doctors†(Penson et al 2002). Negatives and obstacles of internet health information Privacy violations Health seekers are scared of what may happen to their information online. There is the fear of having their online activities exposed. Anonymity is one of the reasons people get online. To date this is no enforced policies preventing health websites from keeping tract on online users’ activities and selling those data without users’ content. The absence of enforced policies to guarantee a safe navigation and patients’ privacy renders the internet unsafe for the most concerned patients. Based on the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project telephone survey from July 11-14, of 1,002 adults ages 18 and older, 86% of internet users have tried to use the internet in ways to minimize the visibility of their digital footprints, 55% of internet users have taken steps to hide from specific people or organizations (Rainie et al 2013). Specifically 21% of internet users have had an email or social networking account compromised or taken over by some one else without permission. 13% of internet users have experienced trouble in a relationship between them and a family member or a friend because of something the user posted online.12% of internet users have been stalked or harassed online. 11% of internet users have had important personal information stolen such as their Social Security Number, credit card, or bank account information. 6% of internet users have been the victim of an online scam and lost money. 6% of internet users have had their reputation damaged because of something that happened online. 4% of internet users have been led into physical danger because of something that happened online. 1% of internet users have lost a job opportunity or educational opportunity because of something they posted online or someone posted about them (Rainie et al 2013). Inaccurate, incredible and difficult to evaluate – few studies to date have been able to access the credibility, and accuracy of online health information. One major problem encounter by health seekers is that most of the information online is too general and outdated (Fox Rainie, 2000, Rice 2006). Based on previous studies results, internet health seekers find it hard to find what there are searching online, or could not fully comprehend the information, or the information was overwhelming or unreadable (Zeng et al. 2004; Berland et al., 2001 ). Health seekers are equally divided when it come to the credibility of the information online (Fox Rainie, 2000). The most common problems mentioned were: no new information, information too general, confusing interface/organization, and too much information to process (Rice, 2006). Another obstacle to expansion of online health is inequality. The lack of necessary technology some part of the population is very problematic. Many senior, minority, and lower-income patients will be excluded if online forms of intervention were to be implemented nationwide for lack of access. Previous studies reported (who use the internet). There is a possibility that the expansion of this technology might prove to worsen inequality in the distribution and delivery of care rather than ameliorate it (DiMaggio, Hargittai 2001). Previous works have also pointed out wide variations in the quality of information available on the Internet. Inaccurate or poorly targeted information can to poor treatment choices. An excess of extraneous, irrelevant, or invalid information can burden health care providers and lead to the provision of efficiently care (Baker, Wagner, Singer, Bundorf, 2003). An assessment of 121 websites on five common health topics to evaluate their credibility reported that only 24% of the sites met more than two-thirds of the published health guidelines for that health topic (Rice, 2006). Berland et al. (2001)also reported that Internet health information has an inadequate coverage of important medical information. Destroy physician- patient relationship – the search of information online can lead to unrealistic expectations (Penson et al. 2002). Patients scattering the internet for information or alternative treatments, getting their hopes up only to have their physician reject it for cause of inaccuracy or irrelevancy may get frustrated put tensions into the patient-physician relationship. Murray et al. (2003) find a correlation between physician refusals to approve inappropriate requests, patients’ satisfaction, and a lower index of quality; particularly in managed care. Physicians sometime feel as patients armed with online information are challenging their authority. This reaction was strongly associated with harms to the physician-patient relationship, quality of care, health outcomes, and time efficiency (Murray et al. 2003). Recommendations Suggestions include kitemarks (seals of approval) for quality Web sites, codes of conduct for development and content of Web sites, market forces, directing users to trusted Web sites, filters, rating instruments for users, and public education in evaluating the quality of online information (Murray et al. 2003) Directing users to trusted web sites – providers can proactive in identifying the best internet health source to direct their patients. Suggested trustworthy organizations by Diaz et al. (2002) are the Health on the Net Foundation (www.HON.ch),the Internet Healthcare Coalition (www.ihealthcoalition.org),and Health Internet Ethics (www.hiethics.org). Past studies show that up to 35% of the internet users do not share their results with physician (Pew, 2014). The main raison being that physician did not ask or did not give the impression of wanting to get involved. Physicians can best assist patients by inquiring about internet usage and by helping in finding reliable source of medical information (Diaz et al. 2002). Provide accurate, credible, Reliable Information– web sites aiming at providing internet information should thrive to assure accuracy, credibility, and reliability. Health information provided to patients ought to be useful, up to date, and must provide a list of sources that support the reliability of the information. Privacy– HIPPA requirement for health organization using health IT should apply to health information web sites. Patients’ privacy should be respected and should not be shared without authorization. Conclusion All major changes always face resistance before people can warm up to the idea and then follow the acceptation phase. Like the introduction to telephone in health care more than a century ago, introduction of the internet as a form of health care delivery will take time before it can be viewed as a tool that add value to medical practice.

Scarlet Letter Analysis

Kelsey Federspill Scarlet Letter Literary Analysis R5 12. 2. 12 Over Coming Guilt Remorse is a feeling experienced after committing an act that produces a sense of guilt. A life lesson can be learned in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, about the theme of guilt. Everyone experiences guilt when they commit a sin or human frailty but the way one handles the feelings of guilt is different.Guilt is expressed in three main ways: ignoring or hiding the sin and letting the guilt build up on the inside, blaming others for the sin and wanting revenge for the way the person feels, and embracing the sin committed and not releasing the guilt. The different ways guilt is experienced determines the way it is punished: by others or no one at all. But punishment for the sin doesn't always affect the amount of guilt felt by one. Hawthorne uses symbolism and irony to demonstrate that guilt should not take over one’s life, rather it should be a lesson learned of embracement , forgiveness, and acceptance.In The Scarlet Letter, the character Hester Prynne is well known for the scarlet letter that she was forced to wear. Prynne embraced the punishment of the scarlet letter and used the punishment in a unique way, â€Å"On the breast of her gown in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread, appeared the letter A† (37). The letter ‘A’ represented the sin of adultery that Prynne had committed.The community choose this form of punishment for Prynne to make her feel guilty for the act of adultery she committed and used it as an example to the rest of the community. As Prynne egresses from prison Hawthorne describes the scene, â€Å"the scene was not without a mixture of awe, such as must always invest the spectacle of guilt and shame in a fellow-creature† (39). Prynne chooses to embrace the scarlet letter rather than let the feeling of guilt take over her life because she desired to set a good example for her daughter, Pearl.She was able to embrace her sin and the scarlet letter because she was working to set an example for her daughter. It was ironic how the community tried to force guilt on to Prynne, but in return she embraced the punishment in full stride and even used it to purify herself, â€Å"Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and her should be the scene of her punishment; and so, perchance, the torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul, and work out another purity than that which she had lost; more saint-like, because the result of martyrdom† (55).When the town people saw Prynne as she exited the prison, people said, â€Å"thus she will be a living sermon against sin† (44). The town people would always be reminded of her sin. Prynne did not let the guilt of her sin produce a major impact on her life. Rather she accepted her transgression and learned the importance of not letting her past mistake s and guilt negatively affect her future. Rosebushes are full of beauty but pain can be inflicted on someone who tries to hold it due to the rosebush’s sharp thorns.When Hawthorne depicts the town he describes the rosebush on the side of the prison, â€Å"but, on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rosebush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of nature could pity and be kind to him† (33). The rosebush symbolizes forgiveness from guilt throughout The Scarlet Letter.Pearl, Prynne’s daughter, was visiting the governor’s hall with her mother one day to deliver a pair of embroider gloves Prynne had made. While at the governor’s house, Pearl saw a rosebush and reacted in an unusual way, â€Å"Pearl, seeing the ros ebushes, began to cry for a red rose, and would not be pacified,† (73). Pearl responded with this meltdown because she wanted forgiveness for her mother and for her father, Reverend Dimmesdale, to be accepted by the community. Pearl felt guilty but blamed it on others. She was seeking revenge on the townspeople for the way they made her mother feel.The irony of the rosebush is how it hurt Prynne, Pearl, and Dimmesdale, like the thorns on a rosebush when touched. In the end the family moved out of their community attempting to not let the mistakes of the past take over their present lives. Ultimately, they choose a fresh start. Pearl was a product of Prynne’s sin of adultery. Pearl’s birth was very humiliating for Prynne; nevertheless Pearl still meant the world to Prynne. Pearl’s name even has significance, â€Å"but she names the infant ‘Pearl,’ as being of great price,– purchased with all she had,– her mother’s only tre asure† (61).The biblical allusion to the pearl is referred to in Matthew 13 about a parable of a man who gave up everything for a pearl of great price. Prynne gave up everything she had for her daughter. She even dresses Pearl in the best clothes, while she dresses very poorly. To Prynne, Pearl was a symbol of strength and overcoming obstacles. Prynne said, â€Å"I can teach my little Pearl what I have learned from this [the scarlet letter],† (76). Prynne is a great example and life lesson to Pearl of how to accept the mistakes made in the past and not let the shame define oneself. Prynne uses Pearl to show how tough a young child can be.On the other hand, the town viewed Pearl as the devil child: evil. The town discussed Pearl as, â€Å"an imp of evil, emblem and product of sin,† (64) and, â€Å"poor little Pearl was a demon offspring,† (68). Pearl herself is truly a symbol of ignorance and hope. Hawthorne described an occurrence of Pearl talking to Mr. W ilson, a pastor, â€Å"after putting her finger in her mouth, with many ungracious refusals to answer good Mr. Wilson’s question, the child finally announced that she had not been made at all, but had been plucked by her mother off the rosebush of wild roses, that grew by the prison,† (76).Pearl believed she was created for good and had an optimistic attitude on life. She did not let guilt become an emotion known in her. Pearl did not let the past effect her future. In conclusion, life lessons were learned about embracement, forgiveness, and acceptance from guilt with the use of symbolism and irony from Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter. The different ways guilt can be handled was demonstrated in The Scarlet Letter, but not letting guilt take over one’s life was key. Moving on and learning from a sin or human frailty is significant and something everyone can learn from.

Essay on Imagine a Brave New World - 1255 Words

Imagine a Brave New World Imagine living in a world without mothers and fathers, a place in which all those around you are human clones with no personality, a vast array of people that are not seen as individuals but a social body. This society results from the absence of spirituality and family, the obsession with physical pleasure, and the misuse of technology. The society described above, becomes a reality in A Brave New World, a novel depicting how the advancement of science effects humanity. A Brave New World takes place in 632 A.F.(after Henry Ford, inventor of assembly lines), many years after civilization started to be controlled. Civilization is reconstructed into a new society after a global nine†¦show more content†¦Throughout the novel, the government decides that there is no need for chastity in the citizens lives, because everyone belongs to everyone else. To further stabilize this Utopian society, sexual freedom is legalized†¦ (33). Free sexual actions are almost mandatory for all, especially for the young citizens, to discourage any sense of love. The Ten controllers feel that love is a direct cause of chaos and destruction. Love causes people to feel depressed and unhappy when things dont go as they expect. The governments eliminate love by encouraging casual sex and multiple partners. Youd have a reason for chastity, said John, blushing a little as he spoke the words. But chastity means passion, chastity means neurasthenia. And passion and neurasthenia mean instability. And instability means the end of civilization. You cant have a lasting civilization without plenty of pleasant vices. (end of 17) The governments hypnopaedia make them believe that chastity is wrong and physical pleasure is one of the best ways to feel happy. Encouraging sex at a young age will destroy the citizens chance to fully understanding the value of love and the need for it. 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